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="Atrophy," Welsh= (n.) the wasting away of a body or organ tissue; any progressive decline or failure; (v.) to waste away. Syn: (n.) degeneration, deterioration; (v.) wither Ant: (n.) growth, development; (v.) mature, develop When the man was diagnosed, the atrophy of his body was quickly evident, leaving his loved ones disheartened. Compound-Complex

="Reputed," Welsh= (adj.) according to reputation or general belief; having widespread acceptance and good reputation; (part.) alleged Syn: putative, reputable, supposed Ant: proven, corroborated, authenticated Contrary to reputed belief, Hamlet was not insane. Complex

="Abject," Welsh= (adj.) degraded; base, contemptible; cringing, servile; complete and unrelieved Syn: wretched, miserable, ignoble, sheer, utter Ant: lofty, noble, exalted The boy was happy he did not go hiking; the abject weather made it impossible to go. Compound

="Allay," Welsh= (v.) to calm or pacify, set to rest; to lessen or relieve Syn: reduce, alleviate, moderate Ant: aggravate, exacerbate, intensify Although sometimes scary, pandas have been proven to allay stress. Complex

="Allege," Welsh= (v.) to assert without proof or confirmation Syn: claim, contend Ant: prove, deny Gulliver, although frightened, alleged that in his country he rides horses. Complex

="Articulate," Welsh= (v.) to pronounce distinctly; to express well in words; to connect by a joint or joints; (adj.) expressed clearly and forcefully; able to employ language clearly and forcefully; jointed Syn: (v.) pronounce, elucidate; (adj.) eloquent Ant: (v.) mumble, slur; (adj.) tongue-tied, halting The professor articulates his words clearly although some students still do not understand him. Complex

="Accost," Welsh= (v.) to approach and speak to first; to confront in a challenging or aggressive way Syn: buttonhole, approach, confront Ant: evade, avoid, shun The boy was accosted by homeless men, so he gave them money. Compound

="Vituperative," Vail= (adj.) harshly abusive, severely scolding Syn: abusive, scurrilous, insulting Ant: complimentary, laudatory, flattering The initially hospitable farmer becomes vituperative towards Gulliver. Simple

="Imperturbable," Vendelis= (adj.) not easily excited, emotionally steady Syn: unflappable, unexcitable, serene, unruffled Ant: excitable Gulliver returns home to England with an imperturbable attitude. Simple

=**"Talisman," Tiralla**= (n.) an object that serves as a charm or is believed to confer magical powers, an amulet, fetish Syn: Ant: The talisman is sacred to the town, for it brings good luck to the people. Compound

="Vocabulary," Lackner= (adj.) definition from text book Syn: write all of them Ant: write all of them Write original sentence using the vocabulary word (Starting with Unit 3, 1. sentence is about literature currently under study. 2. Has to be true. 3. Be sure to follow Flanigan's individual directions.).

="Brackish," Hoffman= (Adj.) having a salty taste and unpleasant to drink Syn: briny, saline Ant: fresh, clear, sweet The water tasted brackish, so the town complained to the city council. Compound

="Avid," Hendricks= (Adj.) desirous of something to the point of greed; intensely eager Syn: keen, enthusiastic, grasping Ant: reluctant, indifferent, unenthusiastic The avid young boy chased his dream to become a professional basketball player, for he wanted to live a life in the spotlight. Compound

="Suppliant," Tartaglia= (adj.) asking humbly and earnestly; (n.) one who makes a request humbly and earnestly, a petitioner, suitor Syn: - Ant: - The suppliant employee humbly asks for a raise, so his gracious boss increases his salary. Compound

="Maelstrom," Nelson= (n.) a whirlpool of great size and violence; a situation resembling a whirlpool in violence and destruction Syn: vortex, chaos, turbulence, tumult Ant: Many ships have been involved in maelstroms, but some of them fail to return. Compound

="Idiosyncrasy," Nelson= (n.) a peculiarity that serves to distinguish or identify Syn: eccentricity, quirk, mannerism Pelleas desires Ettare's love, but she wants nothing to do with him. Compound

="Murky," Nelson= (adj.) dark and gloomy, obscure; lacking in clarity and precision Syn: dim, cloudy, unclear Ant: clear, transparent, lucid, limpid Guinevere had not noticed Arthur because his armor was murky and undistinguished. Complex

=**"Furtive," Nelson**= (adj.) done slyly or stealthily, sneaky, secret, shifty; stolen Syn: clandestine, covert, surreptitious Ant: forthright, aboveboard, open The furtive panda creeps through the jungle to find bamboo because he needs to eat. Complex

=**"Intermittent," Nelson**= (adj.) stopping and beginning again, sporadic Syn: fitful, spasmodic, random Ant: continuous, uninterrupted Milton makes intermittent remarks about Heaven and Hell, and he describes Satan's development. Compound

="Incarcerate," Nelson= (v.) to imprison, confine, jail Syn: intern, immure Ant: liberate, release, free Gareth incarcerates himself as a kitchen-knave, and he is good at the job because he wants the opportunity to be a knight. Compound Complex

="Lackadaisical," Nelson= (adj.) lacking spirit or interest, halfhearted Syn: listless, indolent, indifferent, lax Ant: energetic, vigorous, wholehearted The mind of a Yahoo revealed itself as lackadaisical because of the lack in interest for reason.

="Propriety," Schertle= (n.) the state of being proper, appropriateness; (pl.) standards of what is proper of socially acceptable Syn: fitness, correctness, decorum Ant: unseemliness, inappropriateness The girl did not like the propriety of the dress, so she changed into something less proper. Compound

="Summarily," Tan= (adv.) without delay or formality; briefly, concisely Syn: promptly, peremptorily, abruptly Ant: - Time was running out during the exam, so I summarily filled in random answers. Compound

="Accost," Baffoe-Bonnie= (v.) to approach and speak to first; to confront in a challenging or aggressive way Syn: buttonhole, approach, confront Ant: evade, avoid, shun She was fired from her job at the mall, for she was too shy to accost any shoppers. Compound

="Gambit," Hume= (n.) in chess, an opening move that involves risk or sacrifice of a minor piece in order to gain a later advantage; any opening move of this type. Syn: ploy, stratagem, ruse, maneuver Ant: Marcus plays chess riskily, so he uses a gambit frequently. Compound

="Pejorative," Sanft= (adj.) tending to make worse; expressing disapproval or disparagement, derogatory, deprecatory, belittling Syn: - Ant: complimentary, ameliorative Many people considered the pejorative actions of the congressman unwarranted, so they began to seek out other people to represent their ideas. Compound

="Celerity," Holmes= (n.) swiftness, rapidity of motion or action Syn: promptness, alacrity, speed Ant: slowness, sluggishness, dilatoriness The student threw up on the hallway floor five minutes before class ended, but the janitor acted with great celerity by cleaning the mess in three minutes. Compound

="Halcyon," Kolbe= (n.) a legendary bird identified with the kingfisher; (adj.) of or relating to the halcyon; calm, peaceful, happy, golden; prosperous, affluent Syn: tranquil, serene, placid, palmy Ant: turbulent, chaotic, tumultuous The halcyon flew away with an empty stomach, but it soon swooped down and ate up a fish. Compound

="Sacrilege," Tampus= (n.) improper or disrespectful treatment of something held sacred Syn: desecration, profanation, defilement Ant: - The conquistador committed sacrilege when he destroyed the religious statue of the natives, but the captain prevented him from causing further destruction. Compound

="Incendiary," McFadden= (adj.) deliberately setting or causing fires; designed to start fires;tending to stir up strife or rebellion; (n.) one who deliberately sets fires;arsonist;one who causes strife Syn:(adj.) inflammatory, provocative, (n.) firebrand Ant: (adj.) soothing, quieting, (n.) peacemaker The incendiary grenade has been thrown, but it is ineffective. Compound

="Overt," Rinehart= (adj.) open, not hidden, expressed or revealed in a way that is easily recognized Syn: clear, obvious, manifest, patent Ant: secret, clandestine, covert, concealed Mr. Flanigan is making an overt threat to the class, but they do not care for it. Compound

="Histrionic," Link= (adj.) pertaining to actors and their techniques; theatrical, artificial; melodramatic Syn: affected, stagy Ant: low-keyed, muted, untheatrical,subdued The teacher asked a simple question, but the student gave a histrionic answer. Compound

="Undulate," Varzandeh= (v.) to move in waves or with a wave-like motion; to have a wave-like appearance or form. Syn: ripple, fluctuate, rise and fall Ant: - Mr. Flanigan undulates around the room very fluidly, yet he sits sedentary in his chair when the weekend comes. Compound

="Devious," Hudak= (adj.) straying or wandering from a straight or direct course; done or acting in a shifty or underhanded way Syn: roundabout, indirect, tricky, sly, artful Ant: direct, straightforward, open, aboveboard The devious child convinced his mother, yet she knew the truth. Compound

="Myopic," Nkere= (adj.) nearsighted; lacking a broad, realistic view of a situation; lacking foresight or discernment Syn: shortsighted Ant: farsighted Donald Trump claims to be farsighted, yet he gives off a myopic image of himself. Compound

="Eulogy," Hume= (n.) a formal statement of commendation; high praise Syn.- panegyric, encomium, tribute, testimonial Ant.- philippic, diatribe, invective Merlin gives a eulogy about Arthur, when his lineage is questioned. Complex

="Dissemble," Holmes= (v.) to disguise or conceal, deliberately give a false impression Syn: dissimulate, mask, feign Ant: - Gareth dissembles himself in order to hide his identity from Arthur because his mother requests it. Complex

="Verbiage," Tartaglia= (n.) language that is too wordy or inflated in proportion to the sense or content, wordiness; a manner of expression Syn: verbosity, prolixity, diction, jargon Ant: - Bedivere speaks to King Leodogran with verbiage, so that he can persuade the King to give his daughter to Arthur. Complex

="Credence," Hendricks= (n.) belief, mental acceptance Syn: credit, trust, confidence Ant: disbelief, skepticism, incredulity Arthur's lineage does not have any credence because he magically appears on a dragon one day and is pronounced Uther's heir. Complex

="Propinquity," Schertle= (n.) nearness in place or time; kinship Syn: proximity, similarity Ant: - The propinquity between Arthur and Lancelot is admirable as the people expected from the King. Complex

="Decry," Hoffman= (V,) to condemn, express strong disapproval; to officially depreciate Syn: denounce, censure, devalue Ant: tout, commend, extol, laud, praise Lynette decries Gareth because she believes him to be only a kitchen-knave. Complex

="Primordial," Sanft= (adj.) developed or created at the very beginning; going back to the most ancient times or earliest stage; fundamental, basic Syn: original, primeval, primal Ant: - Arthur's primordial values of being modest and fair help build his character because he is an ideal hero. Complex

="Piquant," Rinehart= (adj.) stimulating to the taste or mind; spicy, pungent; appealingly provocative Syn: tangy, zestful Ant: bland, insipid, tasteless, mild Arthur is eating the feast, as it is a piquant meal. Complex

="Viscous," Varzandeh= (adj.) having a gelatinous or gluey quality, lacking in easy movement or fluidity Syn: gummy, sticky, thick Ant: runny, watery, aqueous Gareth used to cook viscous stews in the kitchen as a knave, however he now fights as a knight. Complex

="Utopian," Tan= (adj.) founded upon or involving a visionary view of an ideal world; impractical Syn: idealistic Ant: realistic, pragmatic Gareth ventures to Cameliard, a utopian town, where he meets the prominent King Arthur. Complex

="Nefarious," Nkere= (adj.) wicked, depraved, devoid of moral standard. Syn: iniquitous, reprehensible Ant: bland, insipid, tasteless, mild There is a nefarious rumor that Queen Guinevere is touching her guilty love for Lancelot, but there is no proof. Complex

="Distraught," Hudak= (adj.) very much agitated or upset as a result of emotion or mental conflict Syn: frantic, distracted Ant: calm, composed, collected King Arthur's decision to allow Gareth to help Lynette instigates distraught feelings within her because she requested Lancelot and his aid. Complex

="Unwonted," Tampus= (adj.) not usual or expected; not in character Syn: unusual, uncommon, unexpected, atypical Ant: usual, customary, typical Gareth's unwonted victories over the four knights impress Lynette because Lynette thought he was a lowly kitchen-knave. Complex

="Exhume," Link= (v.) to remove from a grave; to bring to light Syn: disinter, unearth, uncover Ant: bury, inter After he was knocked from his horse, Death's true identity was exhumed by Gareth. Complex

="Articulate," Baffoe-Bonnie= (v.) to pronounce distinctly; to express well in words; to connect by a joint or joints; (adj.) expressed clearly and forcefully; able to employ language clearly and forcefully; jointed Syn: (v.) pronounce, elucidate; (adj.) eloquent Ant: (v.) mumble, slur; (adj.) tongue-tied, halting After he sees Guinevere for the first time, Arthur sends three of his fellow knights to articulate his love for her. Complex

="Evince," Kolbe= (v.) to display clearly, to make evident, to provoke Syn: exhibit, manifest, occasion Cameliard does not evince unity, because it is a wasteland. Complex

=**"Verdant," Tiralla**= (adj.) green in tint or color; immature in experience or judgment Syn: artless, naive Ant: scorched, sere, barren, arid Verdant Cameliard, which stirs with beasts, nevertheless is home for many. Complex

="Feckless," McFadden= (adj.) lacking in spirit and strength; ineffective, weak; irresponsible, unreliable Syn: feeble, helpless, incompetent, ineffectual Ant: competent, capable, effective Cameliard is in ruin because of feckless rulers. Complex

="Pusillanimous," Tartaglia= (adj.) comtemptibly cowardly or mean-spirited Syn: craven, lily-livered Ant: stouthearted, courageous, daring The pusillanimous Lynette harasses Gareth because he works in Arthur's kitchen, and she doubts his ability to save her sister. Compound Complex

="Flotsam," Hume= (n.) floating debris; homeless, impoverished people Syn.- floating wreckage Ant.- Although Gareth wants to be a knight, he first must serve as a flotsam in the kitchen, and he must prove his worth to Arthur. Compound Complex

="Grouse," McFadden= (n.) a type of game bird; a complaint; (v.) to complain, grumble Syn: (v.) gripe, kvetch, bellyache Ant:- Even though Lynette groused about Gareth in the beginning, she came to respect him,he killed many evil knights. Compound Complex

="Exigency," Hudak= (n., often pl.) urgency, pressure; urgent demand, pressing need; an emergency Syn: requirement, crisis Ant: - Because four lawless knights withhold her sister in Castle Perilous, Lynette exclaims her exigency for Lancelot's aid, but Arthur gives her Gareth. Compound Complex

=**"Recumbent," Tiralla**= (adj.) in a reclining position, lying down, in the posture of one sleeping or resting Syn: prone, prostrate, supine, inactive Ant: erect, upright, energetic, dynamic Proud Gareth, who is lying recumbent, is in the castle, for he is tired. Compound Complex

="Pecuniary," Tan= (adj.) consisting of or measured in money; of or related to money Syn: monetary, financial Ant: - Although a horse is not a pecuniary gift, the boy accepts the reward, and he provides a room for Geraint and Enid. Compound-Complex

="Atrophy," Baffoe-Bonnie= (n.) the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive decline or failure; (v.) to waste away Syn: degeneration, deterioration; (v.) wither Ant: growth, development; (v.) mature, develop In order to avoid the atrophy of remaining at home, Gareth convinces his mother to let him become a knight; however, he disguises himself. Compound Complex

="Stratagem," Varzandeh= (n.) a scheme to outwit or deceive an opponent or gain an end Syn: ruse, trick, ploy, subterfuge Ant: - Gareth conjures up a stratagem to defeat the death knight because he is threatening Lady Lyoners, but the knight is revealed to only be a boy. Compound Complex

="Glean," Link= (v.) to gather bit by bit; to gather small quantities of grain left in a field by reapers Syn: collect, cull, pick up Ant: - Lynette gleans respect for Gareth after he defeats Sir Morning Star, so she eventually stops making fun of him. Compound Complex

="Jocular," Rinehart= (adj.) humorous, jesting, jolly, joking Syn: waggish, facetious, droll, witty Ant: humorless, solemn, grave, earnest, grim Lynette, who wanted to go with Lancelot, is being rude to Gareth, and her comments are not in a jocular manner. Compound Complex

="Concord," Hendricks= (n.) a state of agreement, harmony, unanimity; a treaty, pact, covenant Syn: - Ant: disagreement, strife, discord Gareth becomes a knight in Arthur's court, and he enters into a concord to serve Arthur although Bellicent did not want him to become a knight. Compound Complex

="Ludicrous," Sanft= (adj.) ridiculous, laughable, absurd Syn: risible, preposterous Ant: heartrending, poignant, pathetic Lynette thinks that sending Gareth to help her is ludicrous, for she believes him to be only a kitchen knave, although Gareth defeats the four knights. Compound Complex

="Frenetic," Kolbe= (adj.) frenzied, highly agitated Syn: frantic, overwrought Ant: calm, controlled, relaxed, leisurely While Gareth is showing frenetic actions, he battles four knights; he kills three of them. Compound Complex

= "Nettle," Tampus = (n.) a prickly or stinging plant; (v.) to arouse displeasure, impatience, or anger; to vex or irritate severely Syn: (v.) peeve, annoy, incense, gall, irk Ant: (v.) please, delight, soothe, pacify King Arthur nettles Lynette because he sends Gareth instead of Lancelot, but Gareth proves to be a worthy adversary for the bandits. Compound Complex

="Mordant," Schertle= (adj.) biting or caustic in thought, manner, or style; sharply or bitterly harsh Syn: acrimonious, acidulous, sardonic, scathing Ant: bland, mild, gentle, soothing Sir Kay had a mordant attitude towards Gareth because he was a kitchen knave, but Gareth becomes a knight ignoring Kay's slander. Compound Complex

="Disarray," Holmes= (n.) disorder, confusion; (v.) to throw into disorder Syn: (n.) disorganization; (v.) dishevel, mess up Ant: (n.) organization, order, tidiness Enid feels great disarray because Geraint tells her to put on her ugliest dress, and he forces her to lead him through the woods. Compound Complex

="Incumbent," Nkere= (adj.) obligatory, required; (n.) one who holds a specific office at the time spoken of Syn: (adj.) mandatory, necessary Ant: (adj.) optional, unnecessary According to the poem, it is incumbent that Enid wear her worst dress; she is being punished for Geraint's suspicions of dishonesty. Compound Complex

="Consummate," Hoffman= (adj.) complete or perfect in the highest degree; (v.) to bring to a state of completion or perfection

Syn: (adj.) masterful; (v.) clinch, conclude

Ant: (v.) launch, initiate, begin, kick off Gareth travels to the consummate Camelot, and works as a kitchen-knave before Arthur knights him. Compound Complex

="Ubiquitous," Varzandeh= (adj.) present or existing everywhere Syn: omnipresent, pervasive, universal Ant: restricted, limited, rare, scarce Pelleas flees from Camelot, for he feels the ubiquitous unfaithfulness of the knights of the Round Table. Compound

="Acuity," Baffoe-Bonnie= (n.) sharpness (particularly of the mind or senses) Syn: keenness, acuteness Ant: dullness, obtuseness Pelleas lacks acuity, for he does not realize that Etarre plans on using him to win the tournament. Compound

="Sophistry," Tartaglia= (n.) reasoning that seems plausible but is actually unsound; a fallacy Syn: specious reasoning Ant: - Pelleas believes in the sophistry to fight for Ettarre in order to win her love, but Ettarre fools him and has no admiration for Pelleas anyway.. Compound

="Sumptuous," Tiralla= (adj.) costly, rich, magnificent Syn: lavish, munificent, opulent, splendid Ant: skimpy, meager, stingy, niggardly, spartan Pelleas pursues Ettare, for she posseses sumptuos traits. Compound

="Hallow," McFadden= (v.) to set apart as holy or sacred, sanctify, consecrate; to honor greatly, revere Syn: venerate, bless Ant: desecrate, defile, profane Pelleas hallows Ettare by winning the contest, for he loves her. Compound ="Esoteric," Holmes= (adj.) intended for or understood by only a select few, private, secret Syn: occult, cryptic, arcane, recondite Ant: accessible, comprehensible, intelligible Pelleas discovers the esoteric infidelity of Guinevere and Lancelot, and he decides to become the red knight to bring down Camelot. Compound

=**"Delineate," Galvin**=

(v.) To portray, sketch, or describe in accurate and vivid detail; to present pictorially.
Syn: depict, picture, render Because Hamlet delineated himself insane, Claudius sent him to England to be killed. Complex

="Reputed," Tan= (adj.) according to reputation or general belief; having widespread acceptance and good reputation; (part.) alleged Syn: putative, reputable, supposed Ant: proven, corroborated, authenticated Pelleas feels hatred towards Gawain for his reputed action of sleeping with Ettarre, for he has a deep devotion for Ettarre. Compound

="Fiat," Hume= (n.) an arbitrary order or decree; a command or act of will or consciousness Syn.- edict, dictum, ukase Ant.- Gawain orders Pelleas to depart from Ettarre's castle, but Gawain's fiat expires after three days. Compound ="Overweening,"Schertle= (adj.) conceited, presumptuous, excessive,immoderate Syn: arrogant, unbridled, inflated Ant: restrained, understated,modest,meek The overweening Ettarre refuses to leave her castle, so Pelleas waits outside. Compound

="Mundane," Rinehart= (adj.) earthly, worldly, relating to practical and material affairs; concerned with what is ordinary Syn: prosaic, humdrum, routine, sublunary Ant: heavenly, unworldly, spiritual, transcendental Pelleas waits outside of the mundane castle, but Ettarre wants him to leave.

="Depraved," Hendricks= (adj.) marked by evil and corruption, devoid of moral principles Syn: perverted, degenerate, vicious, corrupt Ant: moral, virtuous, upright, uncorrupted The depraved Gawain stops to help Pelleas, but he betrays Pelleas by taking his lover. Compound

="Fecund," Hudak= (adj.) fruitful in offspring or vegetation; intellectually productive Syn: fertile, teeming, prolific Ant: infertile, barren, unproductive Pelleas yearns to have a fecund relationship with Ettarre, but she continuously rejects him. Compound

="Enervate," Hoffman= (v.) to weaken or lessen the mental, moral, or physical vigor of; enfeeble, hamstring Syn: impair, cripple, paralyze Ant: invigorate, strengthen, buttress Ettarre enervates Pelleas repeatedly, but he relentlessly pursues her. Compound

="Fiat," Hume= (n.) an arbitrary order or decree; a command or act of will or consciousness Syn: edict, dictum, ukase Ant: After Hamlet was ordered to go to England, he discovers the plan for his execution. Complex

="Sophistry," Tan= (n.) reasoning that seems plausible but is actually unsound; a fallacy Syn: specious reasoning Ant: Grief overtakes Hamlet as he proclaims outrageous sophistries at Ophelia's funeral. Complex

="Sumptuous," Tartaglia= (adj.) costly, rich, magnificent Syn: lavish, munificent, opulent, splendid Ant: skimpy, meager, stingy, niggardly, spartan King Hamlet's sumptuous palace transforms into a grim boneyard after Hamlet and his adversaries exterminate each other. Complex

="Ubiquitous," Tiralla= (adj.) present or existing everywhere Syn: omnipresent, pervasive, universal Ant: restricted, limited, rare, scarce Troubled Hamlet, whose madness is ubiquitous, consequently loses his life. Complex

="Acuity," Baffoe-Bonnie= (n.) sharpness (particularly of the mind or senses) Syn: keenness, acuteness Ant: dullness, obtuseness Since Claudius believes that Hamlet has lost his mental acuity, he sends Hamlet away to England. Complex

="Fecund," Hudak= (adj.) fruitful in offspring or vegetation; intellectually productive Syn: fertile, teeming, prolific Ant: infertile, barren, unproductive Hamlet unleashes his suppressed anger upon Ophelia while he entreats her to join a nunnery so that she may live a fecund life and not breed any sinners. Complex

="Nuance," Sanft= (n.) a subtle or slight variation (as in color, meaning, quality), delicate gradation or shade of difference Syn: shade, nicety, refinement Ant: - Hamlet's actions at the end of Act V show a nuance in his character since he begins to take steps to overthrow Claudius. Complex ="Esoteric," Holmes= (adj.) intended for or understood by only a select few, private,secret Syn: occult, cryptic, arcane, recondite Ant: accessible, comprehensible, intelligible Claudius creates an esoteric plan to kill Hamlet with Laertes because he does not want Gertrude to know he took part in the killing. Complex

="Penchant," Tampus= (n.) a strong attraction or inclination Syn: proclivity, propensity, predilection Ant: disinclination, aversion Ophelia expresses a penchant for flowers because she turns mad after the death of her father. Complex

="Enervate," Hoffman= (v.) to weaken or lessen the mental, moral, or physical vigor of; enfeeble, hamstring Syn: impair, cripple, paralyze Ant: invigorate, strengthen, buttress The death of Ophelia enervates Laertes because he has no family left. Complex

(n.) shame and disgrace Syn: dishonor, humiliation, disrepute, odium Ant: honor, glory, acclaim Claudius feels no ignominy when he sends Hamlet away to be murdered. Complex
 * "Ignominy," Nkere **

="Moot" Nkere= (adj.) open to discussion and debate, unresolved; (v.) to bring up for discussion; (n.) hypothetical law case argued by students. Syn: (adj.) debatable, questionable; (v.) broach

Ant: (adj.) undebatable, indisputable, self evident

After Satan has been cast from Heaven, his plan to do evil in the world is moot. Compound

="Garish" Nkere= (adj.) glaring, tastelessly showy or overdecorated in a vulgar or offensive way Syn: gaudy, flashy, tawdry. Ant: subdued, muted, understated, quiet The man felt like a fool when he wore the garish panda bear fur coat to the wedding.

="Litany" Nkere= (n.) a prayer consisting of short appeals to God recited by the leader alternating with responses from the congregation; any repetitive chant; a long list Syn: rigamorole, catalog, megillah In act IV of Gulliver's Travels, the natives of the island accost Gulliver with a litany of the word "Yahoo"

="Acuity," Varzandeh= (n.) sharpness (particularly of the mind or senses) Syn: keenness, acuteness Ant: dullness, obtuseness Hamlet conceals his mental acuity, which leads Claudius to believe that he is mad. Complex

="Acuity," Link= (n.) sharpness (particularly of the mind or senses) Syn: keenness, acuteness Ant: dullness, obtuseness Although she does not have the acuity to see it, Hamlet loves Ophelia.

Complex

="Delineate," Link= (v.) to portray, sketch, or describe in accurate and vivid detail; to represent pictorially Syn: depict, picture, render Gertrude delineates the death of Ophelia as if she had committed suicide. Complex

="Depraved," Link= (adj.) marked by evil and corruption. devoid of moral principles Syn: perverted, degenerate, vicious, corrupt Ant: moral, virtuous, upright, uncorrupted Hamlet feigns depravity throughout the play because he wants to confuse Claudius and Gertrude. Complex

="Enervate," Link= (v.) to weaken or lessen the mental, moral, or physical vigor of; enfeeble, hamstring Syn: impair, cripple, paralyze Ant: invigorate, strengthen, buttress Ophelia's mind enervates because of the death of her father, Polonius. Complex

="Esoteric," Link= (adj.) intended for or understood by only a select few, private, secret Syn: occult, cryptic, arcane, recondite Ant: accessible, comprehensible, intelligible Hamlet reveals his esoteric madness to Horatio because of their friendship. Complex

="Garner," Link= (v.) to acquire as the result of effort; to gather and store away, as for future use Syn: collect, accumulate, accrue Ant: scatter, squander, waste, dissipate Fortinbras garners Denmark from Hamlet after Gertrude, Claudius, and Hamlet all die. Complex

="Figment," Kolbe= (n.) a fabrication of the mind; an arbitrary notion Syn: creation, invention, fancy Hamlet creates a figment about Alexander the Great, wondering if he can trace his dust. Complex ="Overweening," Schertle= (adj.) conceited, presumptuous, excessive, immoderate Syn: arrogant, unbridled, inflated Ant: restrained, understated, modest, meek The overweening Hamlet indirectly kills Rosencrantz and Guildenstern since they helped Claudius. Complex ="Mundane," Rinehart= (adj.) earthly, worldly, relating to practical and material affairs; concerned with what is ordinary Syn: prosaic, humdrum, routine, sublunary Ant: heavenly, unworldly, spiritual, transcendental Hamlet tells Horatio about the mundane occurrences after he came back from Wittenberg. Complex

="Depraved," Hendricks= (adj.) marked by evil and corruption, devoid of moral principles Syn: perverted, degenerate, vicious, corrupt Ant: moral, virtuous, upright, uncorrupted After the depraved Ophelia died, Hamlet and Laertes jump and fight in her grave. Complex

="Sylvan," Tartaglia= (adj.) pertaining to or characteristic of forests; living or located in a forest; wooded, woody Syn: forested, arcadian Ant: - Satan falls from heaven, and he lands in Chaos on a new and sylvan Earth. Compound

="Pertinacious," Tartaglia= (adj.) very persistent; holding firmly to a course of action or a set of beliefs; hard to get rid of, refusing to be put off or denied Syn: stubborn, dogged, determined Ant: - The pertinacious pandas refuse to take their medicine because they resist all human caretakers. Complex

="Abject," Baffoe-Bonnie= (adj.) degraded; base, contemptible; cringing, servile; complete and unrelieved Syn: wretched, miserable, ignoble, sheer, utter Ant: lofty, noble, exalted God banishes Satan to the abject conditions of Hell, for Satan tried rebel against him. Compound =

= ="Surveillance," Tan= (n.) a watch kept over a person; careful, close, and disciplined observation Syn: observation, scrutiny, monitoring Ant: - Satan feels relieved about reigning in hell, for God can not keep him under surveillance there. Compound

="Derelict," Hoffman= (n.) someone or something that is abandoned or neglected; (adj.) left abandoned; neglectful of duty Syn:(n.) vagrant; (adj.) remiss, delinquent Ant:(adj.) punctilious, conscientious, scrupulous God kicks the derelict Satan out of heaven; however, Satan now reigns over hell. Compound = =

="Neophyte," Sanft= (n.) a new convert, beginner, novice Syn: tenderfoot, tyro, rookie Ant: veteran, past master, expert, pro God kicks Satan out of heaven, but Satan rules as a neophyte king in hell. Compound

="Diatribe," Galvin= (n.) a bitter and prolonged verbal attack Syn: harangue, tirade Ant: panegyric, encomium, eulogy Satan gave a rebellious diatribe towards the Lord, so God banished him to Hell for his sins. Compound

="Effigy," Hudak= (n.) a crude image of a despised person Syn: figure, figurine, likeness Ant: - Satan seeks absolute power over the Almighty Lord, yet he merely attains for himself an effigy of the Almighty Lord. Compound

="Agnostic," Holmes= (n.) one who believes that nothing can be known about God; a skeptic; (adj.) without faith skeptical Syn: (n.) doubter Ant: (n.) believer An agnostic doubts the existence of God, so he or she would have trouble believing in //Paradise L// // ost. //

="Plenary," Tampus= (adj.) complete in all aspects or essentials; absolute; attended by all qualified members Syn: unlimited, unrestricted Ant: limited, restricted, incomplete Satan calls the other fallen angels for a plenary war against God, but God banishes them to Hell. Compound

="Perspicacity," Schertle= (n.) keenness in observing and understanding Syn: acuity, acumen, discernment Ant: dullness, obtuseness Satan lacked the perspicacity to see God's stature, so Satan rose against God. Compound

="Ephemeral," Link= (adj.) lasting only a short time, short-lived Syn: fleeting, transient, evanescent, transitory Ant: durable, long-lasting, permanent, perpetual Pandas, in comparison to humans, have an ephemeral lifespan, since they only live for about 20 years. Complex

="Indigent," Sanft= (adj.) needy, impoverished Syn: penniless, poverty-stricken, destitute Ant: wealthy, affluent, prosperous Pandas, who are the opposite of indigent, enjoy a healthy diet of bamboo and other nutricious plants throughout their life. Complex

="Picayune," Tiralla= (adj.) of little value or importance, paltry, measly; concerned with trifling matters, small minded Syn: inconsequential, piddling, trifling Ant: important, significant, huge, gigantic Pandas, who hold a picayune status on the food chain, are classified as herbivores. Complex

="Convivial," Hendricks= (adj.) festive, sociable, having fun together, genial Syn: fun-loving, jovial, merry Ant: dour, grim, sullen, unsociable Pandas that possess a convivial nature throw bamboo eating parties. Complex

="Misanthrope," Tan= (n.) a person who hates or despises people Syn: people-hater Ant: - Although pandas represent peace, they can kill useless misanthropes who lurk around. Complex

="Inordinate," Schertle= (adj.) far too great, exceeding reasonable limits, excessive Syn: exorbitant, extravagant Ant: moderate, reasonable, equitable Pandas eat an inordinate amount of bamboo because it is their main food source. Complex

="Embellish," Kolbe= (v.) to decorate, adorn, touch up; to improve by adding details Syn: ornament, garnish Ant: strip, mar, disfigure Although pandas embellish themselves with bamboo, they sleep often. Complex

="Coterie," Hoffman= (n.) a circle of acquaintances; a close-knit, often exclusive, group of people with a common interest Syn: clique, set Ant: - The coterie of pandas share their bamboo because they love each other. Complex

="Demur," Hudak= (v.) to object or take exception to; (n.) an objection Syn: (v.) to protest, object to Ant: (v.) assent to, consent to, accept, agree to Aficionados of pandas demur the use of fossil fuels since such sources of energy instigate global warming that harms the habitats of pandas. Complex

="Allay," Baffoe-Bonnie= (v.) to calm or pacify, set to reset; to lessen or relieve Syn: reduce, alleviate, moderate Ant: aggravate, exacerbate, intensify Because of the panda's wild personality, the zookeeper uses toys to allay his behavior. Complex

="Raiment," Varzandeh= (n.) clothing, garments Syn: apparel, attire Ant: - Panda bears don't need raiment because they eat and sleep all day. Complex

="Effrontery," Hume= (n.) Shameless boldness, impudence Syn: gall, chutzpah, nerve, impertinence, cheek Ant: shyness, diffidence, timidity Pandas rarely show effrontery because they usually sleep all day. Complex

="Bestial," Holmes= (adj.) beastlike; beastly, brutal; subhuman in intelligence and sensibility Syn: animal, depraved, loathsome Ant: human, humane, clement, virtuous, upright Ants believe pandas resemble bestial creatures because they stand three feet tall. Complex

="Jettison," Tampus= (v.) to cast overboard, get rid of as unnecessary or burdensome Syn: cast off, discard, dump, junk, abandon Ant: conserve, retain, hold on to, keep The captain of the animal smuggling ship jettisons the panda bear because it eats all of the food. Complex ="Motif," Rinehart= (n.) a principal idea, feature, theme, or element; a repeated or dominant figure in a design The Devil plays the role of a motif in Paradise Lost, but Adam and Eve can be considered them as well.

="Counterpart," Galvin= (n) a person or thing closely resembling or corresponding to another; a complement Syn: match While pandas are of the raccoon family, their counterpart, the red panda, is of the fox family. Complex

="Felicitous," McFadden= (adj.) Appropriate, apt, well chosen; marked by well-being or good fortune, happy Syn: fortunate, well-put Ant: inappropriate, inept, graceless, unhappy The panda ate the felicitous because he had not eaten for a while Complex

="Raze," Tampus= (v.) to tear down, destroy completely; to cut or scrape off or out Syn: pull down, demolish, shave off Ant: build, construct, raise, erect Gulliver razes the original opinion of the Houyhnhnms to him because he acts more rational than the Yahoos on Houyhnhnms Land. Complex

="Recant," Tan= (v.) to withdraw a statement or belief to which one has previously been committed, renounce, retract Syn: repudiate, disavow Ant: reaffirm, reassert The master recants calling Gulliver a Yahoo because he recognizes that Gulliver acts polite unlike the Yahoos. Complex

="Saturate," Tartaglia= (v.) to soak thoroughly, fill to capacity; to satisfy fully Syn: permeate, drench, flood, imbue Ant: drain Thoughts of human evilness saturate Gulliver's brain because Gulliver compares human flaws to the perfection of Houhnhnm Land. Complex

="Allege," Baffoe-Bonnie= (v.) to assert without proof or confirmation Syn: claim, contend Ant: prove, deny Gulliver alleges that the owners of the horses must be the intelligent, since they were able to train their horses to do difficult jobs Complex

="Conciliate," Hoffman= (v.) to overcome the distrust of, win over; to appease, pacify, to reconcile, make consistent Syn: placate, mollify, propitiate Ant: antagonize, alienate, estrange Gulliver conciliates the Houyhnhnms because the Master Horse realizes he shows intelligence. Complex

="Echelon," Hudak= (n.) one of a series of grades in an organization or field of activity; an organized military unit; a step-like formation or arrangement Syn: level, rank Ant: - The Houyhnhnms regard the Yahoos as the lower echelon of society on account of their bestial nature. Complex

="Exacerbate," Hume= (v.) to make more violent, severe, bitter, or painful Syn: aggravate, intensify, worsen Ant: alleviate, mitigate, ameliorate Gulliver tries not to exacerbate the Houyhnhnms because he fears them. Complex

="Saturnine," Tiralla= (adj.) of a gloomy or surly disposition; cold or sluggish in mood Syn: sullen, morose Ant: lighthearted, cheerful, vivacious Saturnine Yahoos, who live under the rule of Houyhnhnms, seek a new f

="Complicity," Hendricks= (n.) involvement in wrongdoing; the state of being an accomplice Syn: connivance, collusion Ant: noninvolvement, innocence God banishes Satan from Heaven, and God banishes Beelzebub for his complicity. Compound

="Badinage," Hendricks= (n.) light and playful conversation Syn: banter, persiflage, repartee Ant: sermon Gulliver and his Master have intellectual conversations not badinages because they both possess reason. Complex

="Arrant," Holmes= (adj.) thoroughgoing, out-and-out; shameless, blatant Syn: egregious, unmitigated Ant:- Gulliver believes the Yahoos display arrant qualities of monsters because they smell horrific and act violent. Complex

="Portend," Schertle= (v.) to indicate beforehand that something is about to happen; to give advance warning of Syn: bode, foretell, foreshadow, suggest Ant:- The Houyhnhnms portend a yahoo revolt because of Gulliver's appearance. Complex

="Fatuous," Kolbe= (adj.) stupid or foolish in a self-satisfied way Syn: silly, vapid, inane, doltish, vacuous Ant: sensible, intelligent, perceptive, bright Gulliver looks fatuous when he comes home, by talking to the horses. Complex

="Juggernaut," McFadden= (n.) a massive and inescapable force or object that crushes whatever is in its path Syn:- Ant:- The Houyhnhnms are juggernauts on the island because the Yahoos are so weak. Complex

="Slough," Varzandeh=

Syn: shed, cast off, throw away Ant: - Gulliver enters a slough when he realizes the Yahoos are human. Complex

="Paucity," Sanft= (n.) an inadequate quantity, scarcity, dearth Syn: lack Ant: abundance, glut, plenitude, deluge Gulliver admires the paucity of the Yahoos minds until he realizes they are just like the English. Complex

=**"Animadversion," Galvin**=

(n.) a comment indicating strong criticism or disapproval Syn: rebuke, reprroof Ant: praise, compliment

Mr. Flanigan's relentless animadversions about my pen tapping abilities have diminished my self esteem. Simple

=**"Cavort," Galvin**=

(v.) to romp or prance around exuberantly; to make merry Syn: gambol

The young panda cavorted around the forest, because he found his family after 2 years of searching. Complex

=**"Bastion," Galvin**=

(n.) a fortified place, stronghold Syn: citadel, rampart, bulwark, parapet

Gulliver found solace in the bastion of the master horse's palace. Simple

="Irrefutable," Link= (adj.) impossible to disprove; beyond argument Syn: indisputable, incontrovertible, undeniable Ant: disputable, indefensible, untenable Gulliver witnesses more irrefutable evidence of the horses' superiority over humans as the Yahoos act more beast-like. Complex

="Illusory," Rinehart= (adj.) misleading, deceptive; lacking in or not based on reality. Syn: specious, spurious, fanciful, imaginary Antonyms: actual, real, factual, objective The old panda used illusory methods, because he wanted to trick the young pandas. Complex

="Macabre," Rinehart= (adj.) grisly, gruesome; horrible, distressing; having death as a subject Syn: grotesque, grim, ghoulish Gulliver witnesses the macabre habits of the yahoos, as he arrives on the island. Complex

="Redolent," Sanft= (adj.) fragrant, smelling strongly; tending to arouse memories or create an aura Syn: evocative, reminiscent, aromatic Ant: unevocative, odorless The redolent scent of winter reminds Mr. Walton of his goal to reach the North Pole. Simple

="Acclamation," Baffoe-Bonnie= (n.) a shout of welcome; an overwhelming verbal vote of approval Syn: ovation, cheering, plaudits Ant: booing, hissing, jeers, catcalls Mary Shelley received widespread acclamation for her work Frankenstein. Simple

="Tyro," Tan= (n.) a beginner, novice; one with little or no background or skill Syn: neophyte Ant: veteran, past master, expert M. Waldman takes Victor under his wing as a tyro in the study of chemistry. Simple ="Refulgent," Schertle= (adj.) shining, radiant, resplendit Syn: luminous, splendid Ant: dim, dark, obscure, dingy, dull, murky The refulgent lightning gave birth to Frankenstein's monster. Simple

="Unremitting," Tartaglia= (adj.) not stopping, maintained steadily, never letting up, relentless Syn: constant, incessant, unrelenting Ant: desultory, intermittent The unremitting Robert Walton relentlessly works to create a friend for himself. Simple

="Imperturbable," Hume= (adj.) not easily excited; emotionally steady Syn- unflappable, unexcitable, serene, unruffled Ant- excitable Robert Walton remains imperturbable in his quest for a friend. Simple

="Calumniate," Hendricks= (v.) to slander; to accuse falsely and maliciously Syn:defame, libel Ant: flatter, whitewash, praise Robert Walton calumniates his crew on his boat in a letter to his sister. Simple

="Bucolic," Holmes= (adj.) characteristic of the countryside, rural; relating to shepherds and cowherds, pastoral Syn: rustic Ant: urban, metropolitan Victor Frankenstein lives in the bucolic town of Geneva throughout his teenage years. Simple

="Mandate," Link= (n.) an authoritative command, formal order, authorization; (v.) to issue such an order Syn: (n.) directive Ant: (v.) forbid, ban, outlaw Victor Frankenstein mandates his creation to roam freely without supervision. Simple

="Vituperative," Varzandeh= (adj.) containing or characterized by verbal abuse Syn: scurrilous, defamatory, invective, abusive Ant: moderate, temperate, respectful Frankenstein often makes vituperative remarks about his monster. Simple